How do they work?

Tony Boadle · From: Skibbereen, County Cork, Ireland

I posted this in Builders' Corner but I'm thinking it might get more views here?.....

I'm renovating an old Fender 400, all is going well so far. I've just worked out the way all the cables operate (really straightforward!)
My question is, how does the lowering set-up work? I've two newly built knee levers ready to fit, they'll be hooked up to the relevant lowering fingers (the ones with the fitted springs), but I just can't work out how they'll operate.
The manual just says attach the cables to the fingers and tune as normal, then adjust the stop screws to the lowered note.
There must be more to it than that? Should the levers have springs attached etc? Help!

Kelcey ONeil · From: Sevierville, TN

It's about that simple. The lowering springs will return the strings to pitch after the lever is disengaged.
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Co-owner and operator: Emmons Guitar Co.

Tony Boadle · From: Skibbereen, County Cork, Ireland

So when my knee moves the lever, the cable will pull the changer finger which will lower the pitch of the string?
That's the bit that was puzzling me, the finger next to each lowering finger will raise the string, so I couldn't work out how a seemingly identical finger (albeit with a spring attached) would do the opposite.
Maybe it's because my main instrument is a b***o. I confuse easily.

Kelcey ONeil · From: Sevierville, TN

That is exactly how it works, The mechanism is very simple and reliable!
_________________
Co-owner and operator: Emmons Guitar Co.

Jon Light (deceased) · From: Saugerties, NY

I simply know nothing about the Fender changer so I don't know if it is a similar design to the all-pull scissor finger.
This gives a good illustration of how a pulling rod (or cable) can raise or lower a string:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xV5ndO4b1qU

Donny Hinson · From: Glen Burnie, Md. U.S.A.

Ian Worley · From: Sacramento, CA

Here are a couple of patent drawings of the original '50s and the later '60s style changer mechanisms. As Donny said, the scissor design works basically the same as most modern all-pull changers in terms of how it transfers the "pull" leverage in two different directions within the changer. The early long scale guitars had the two-part scissor that pulled the string directly from behind over a roller bridge. The later '60s design actually has three parts, the scissor is two, and it actuates the third, the actual steel finger where the string is. I believe from your other recent post that this is the type you have. As you can see in the drawings, they work very much the same as the example in the video Jon posted.

early changer

later changer

_________________
All lies and jest, still a man hears what he wants to hear and disregards the rest - Paul Simon

Tony Boadle · From: Skibbereen, County Cork, Ireland

Thanks for all the replies. As the old Chinese proverb says: 'One YouTube video is worth a thousand words'
SGF to the rescue once again!

Mark Perrodin · From: Tucson Arizona, USA

Ian,
those patent drawings you showed are bitchin’. i have only seen the patents that show the whole guitar. i think Fender made a pretty great guitar in the era they came out.they just need lighter return springs to work at their best. cool guitars. i plan on keeping my long scale B6 guitar. and the 17 other 400’s.

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